Biodiesel Synthesis From Cucumis melo Var. agrestis Seed Oil: Toward Non-food Biomass Biorefineries

This study aims to examine the potential of non-edible seed oil ( Cucumis melo var. agrestis ), content 29.1%, FFA 0.64 (mg KOH/g) for biodiesel production via nano-catalyst. The catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive (EDX). maximum yield (93%) attained under optimized conditions, i.e., 9:1 methanol molar ratio, 2 wt% (MgO) at 60°C. synthesized through response surface technology Box Behnken design (BBD). Biodiesel by advanced analytical techniques, including gas chromatography mass spectroscopy, FTIR, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Fuel properties biodiesel, density (0.800 kg/L), K. viscosity @ 40°C (4.23 cSt), cloud point ?12°C, pour ?7°C, sulfur (0.0001%), flash (73.5°C), total acid no (0.167 mg were found in lines with international standard American Society Testing Materials (ASTM). agrestic nano MgO appeared as economical, sustainable, feasible candidates overcome global glitches environmental issues. findings involving unpalatable will be a promising step toward non-food biomass biorefinery.